Bee Varieties Assortment
Off 2009 to help you 2018, 192 bee diversity (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) ended up being involved during the Calanques Federal Park via one another on the internet and you will dish pitfall show. They belonged so you’re able to six families and you will 38 genera. Megachilidae are probably the extremely classes-steeped loved ones, with Apidae and you will Halictidae, which have 53, 44, and you can 43 classes, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 is actually the newest richest genus, that have 33 variety, when you find yourself 7 genera have been portrayed from the only 1 varieties (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell 
, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Table 1 [on line simply] ). Using the jackknife 1 and 2 bots, the bee varieties richness is largely projected to get ranging from ± 9.89 and you can ± . This new viewed richness therefore illustrated 71.step three in order to 79.6% of your own projected bee richness ( Table dos). Brand new Chao1 approach estimated the newest seen fullness locate 76.8% of potential maximum richness ( Dining table dos). Many numerous species is basically Apis mellifera L. (276 anyone), having Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and 168 people, respectively), and you can Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 individuals). Fundamentally, fifty kinds (26%) was basically portrayed of the just one personal (singletons).
Environment Characteristics out-of Bees
Concerning your environmental services off nesting requires, i know 59 single bee species nesting above floors, ninety five single bee variety nesting underground and you will 23 cleptoparasitic range, similar to 29.7, 47.nine, and several.0% of your over bee diversity richness, respectively. We thought of four individual types (bumble bees and you can honey bees-2.1%). Fundamentally, the nesting tastes out of fourteen assortment remain unfamiliar (eight.3%- Supp Dining table the first step [on line just] ). About your floral eating plan out of bee categories, i discovered that 105 models (54.7%) foraged into of numerous plant species (i.decades., generalist diversity, polylectic) and you will 51 species (twenty six.5%) foraged on a single plant nearest and dearest otherwise one to/couple bush variety (i.many years., top-notch types, oligolectic). To the remaining thirty-six bee assortment (18.8%), the fresh flowery eating plan was not identified (elizabeth.grams., with cleptoparasitic species). perhaps not, extremely generalist species demonstrated a choice for one otherwise a variety regarding plant parents ( Supp Desk step one [on line simply] ). Towards the 49 singletons, fourteen bee kinds (28%) got specialists, and you will 9 bee kinds (18%) were cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table step one [on the web merely] ).
A passionate IUCN status are plentiful for 178 range (excluding the fresh new categories buildings and you can unknown items). Many, 47 brands was classified because research without having (DD-twenty six.4%), 124 kinds were at least concerned (LC-69.6%), half a dozen variety ended up being near threatened (NT-step three.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you will L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and another varieties is believed threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Dining table step 1 [online simply] ). Three oligolectic categories was indeed one of the 7 endangered bee designs. Good. ovatula and you can C. albomaculatus is pro on Fabaceae, D. argentata is largely a specialist for the Caprifoliaceae.
Regarding 2009 to 2018, 38 form of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was indeed stuck inside Calanques National Playground. They belonged in order to 24 genera ( Supp Desk dos [online only] ). Probably the most plentiful genera were Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 anyone), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (fourteen someone), and you may Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de– Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville inside the Latreille, 1828 (13 anybody), whereas 20 brands (53%) have been depicted regarding just one individual ( Supp Table 2 [on line merely] ). The new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was indeed illustrated of your 20 types, along with five singletons (25%) ( Supp Dining table step 3 [online simply] ). The brand new price regarding complete range fullness away-out of hover flies and you can bee flies is between 83 and you may 97 classes utilizing the jackknife step 1 and you may dos indexes, correspondingly. Therefore, the fresh viewed fullness portrayed 59.8–69.9% of one’s projected hover travel and you may bee fly fullness ( Table dos).